¹Department of Mathematics, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
²Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
³Department of Mathematics, Morgan State University, Maryland, USA

Abstract

Diphtheria remains a significant public health threat in regions with low vaccination coverage and limited healthcare infrastructure, such as Nigeria. This study introduces an SEIRP-H model (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered, Protected, and Hospitalized) to capture the complex dynamics of diphtheria transmission and control strategies. The model is designed to reflect the critical stages of disease progression, incorporating key compartments that account for hospital isolation, vaccination, and immunity post-recovery. Parameters for infection rate, hospitalization, vaccination efficacy, and immunity waning are estimated using available epidemiological data, providing a realistic foundation for simulation. Our analysis focuses on understanding the impact of hospitalization and vaccination efforts on transmission rates, while also exploring the role of immunity (both short- and long-term) in controlling outbreaks. Through sensitivity analysis, we identify the most influential parameters affecting the disease dynamics, which helps highlight priority areas for intervention. The model simulations suggest that increasing vaccination rates and enhancing hospital capacity can significantly reduce the basic reproduction number (\(R_0\)) and slow the spread of diphtheria. Our findings underscore the importance of targeted vaccination campaigns, strict isolation of infectious individuals, and robust healthcare response systems to effectively manage diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria.

¹Department of Mathematics, Morgan State University, Maryland, USA
²Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos Nigeria
³Department of Mathematics, Lagos State University, Lagos Nigeria

Abstract

The new need to move to an online mode of administration has necessitated the adoption of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS). The conventional paper-based administrative memorandum is relatively costly, requires manpower, insecure and non-confidential, prone to unauthorized access and has a relatively slow cycle time; among others. An electronic memo (e-memo) can save cost, offer high speed of processing, reliability and security. The aim of this work was to conceptualize, design and develop a novel semantic web-based memo platform that allows for handling memos within an organization. The tools used include HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript, jQuery and AJAX, MySQL. The developed system was tested in three stages. Testing was done in the Department of Computer Science of the institution of case study, then in the Faculty of Science and finally in the entire Lagos State University. Agile development method was used in the development process. The designed system was hosted on a cloud-server and a total of 43 test cases were considered and an average of four minutes was recorded for a complete memo cycle. eMemo allows users to generate, sign, treat and memo electronically. It is such a useful tool that will enhance information processing in a faster, standardized and more secure manner.