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Modeling Diphtheria Dynamics and Intervention Strategies in Nigeria: An SEIRP-H Compartmental Model Approach
Ashiribo Senapon WUSU,
Olusola Aanu OLABANJO,
Basheerat Oluwaseun OKUGBESAN
Ashiribo Senapon WUSU
1 ,
Olusola Aanu OLABANJO
2,3 ,
Basheerat Oluwaseun OKUGBESAN
1
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1Department of Mathematics, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
2Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
3Department of Mathematics, Morgan State University, Maryland, USA
Abstract
Diphtheria remains a significant public health threat in regions with low vaccination coverage and limited healthcare infrastructure, such as Nigeria. This study introduces an SEIRP-H model (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered, Protected, and Hospitalized) to capture the complex dynamics of diphtheria transmission and control strategies. The model is designed to reflect the critical stages of disease progression, incorporating key compartments that account for hospital isolation, vaccination, and immunity post-recovery. Parameters for infection rate, hospitalization, vaccination efficacy, and immunity waning are estimated using available epidemiological data, providing a realistic foundation for simulation. Our analysis focuses on understanding the impact of hospitalization and vaccination efforts on transmission rates, while also exploring the role of immunity (both short- and long-term) in controlling outbreaks. Through sensitivity analysis, we identify the most influential parameters affecting the disease dynamics, which helps highlight priority areas for intervention. The model simulations suggest that increasing vaccination rates and enhancing hospital capacity can significantly reduce the basic reproduction number (\(R_0\)) and slow the spread of diphtheria. Our findings underscore the importance of targeted vaccination campaigns, strict isolation of infectious individuals, and robust healthcare response systems to effectively manage diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria.
Emerging Results in Computational Mathematics 2024, 2(1), 2024-11-14;
Welcome
Journal Scope
Introduction:
ERCM is a cutting-edge journal dedicated to advancing the field of computing and information technology. We aim to serve as a platform for researchers, professionals, and enthusiasts to disseminate their research, share innovations, and explore the ever-evolving landscape of computing.
Scope and Focus:
ERCM is dedicated to promoting excellence, innovation, and knowledge sharing within the computing and information technology domains. We invite researchers, professionals, and technology enthusiasts to contribute, engage, and stay updated with the latest advancements in this ever-evolving field.
Join us in the exciting journey of exploration and discovery in the world of computing!
Instruction for Authors
Submission Guidelines for Authors
Thank you for considering Emerging Results in Computational Mathematics as a platform for sharing your valuable insights, research, and creativity within the field of Emerging Results in Computational Mathematics. We welcome contributions from authors who are passionate about making a meaningful impact in our community. Please review the following submission guidelines before sending us your work:
1. Content Relevance
Ensure that your submission aligns with the focus and themes of your intended journal. We seek content that is thought-provoking, informative, and/or creative, contributing to the knowledge and understanding of the field.
2. Originality
All submissions must be original and not previously published elsewhere. If your work is based on previous research or publications, please provide proper citations and references.
3. Formatting and Length
- Articles/Essays/Reviews: Typically, our articles must be original and include references. Please use a clear and consistent formatting style.
- Artwork: If you're submitting artwork, provide high-resolution images in [Preferred Format], along with a brief artist's statement.
4. Citations and References
If your submission includes references, follow a numbered citation style[1] consistently throughout your work. Include a comprehensive list of references at the end.
5. Language and Clarity
Write in clear and concise language to ensure your work is accessible to a broad audience. Proofread your work for grammar, spelling, and readability.
6. Ethical Considerations
Ensure that your work adheres to ethical standards and does not contain any discriminatory, harmful, or offensive content. Respect copyright and intellectual property rights.
7. Author Information
Include a brief author's bio (100-150 words) at the end of your submission. You may also include your contact information and any relevant affiliations or credentials.
8. Review Process
All submissions will go through a thorough review process by our editorial team. We will assess the quality, relevance, and originality of your work. You will be notified about the acceptance or rejection of your submission within 30 days.
9. Submitting Your Work
To submit your work, please use our submission platform to send all papers. No email submission is allowed.
10. Rights and Attribution
By submitting your work to any of our Journals, you grant us the right to publish it in our journal and on our digital platforms. Proper attribution will be given to you as the author.
We look forward to receiving your contributions and to the possibility of working together to advance our understanding of your field. If you have any questions or need further information, please feel free to contact us at info@emergingresults.com
Thank you for considering Emerging Results in Computational Mathematicsas a platform for your valuable contributions.
Sincerely,
The ERCM Team
Instruction for Editors
Meet Our Editors
At ERP, our editorial team plays a crucial role in maintaining the high standards of quality and integrity that define our publication. Our editors are dedicated professionals who are passionate about their discipline, and they bring a wealth of expertise and experience to ensure that every piece of content we produce meets our exacting standards.
Editorial Team
Editor-in-Chief:
Managing Editor:
Section Editors:
Editorial Responsibilities
Our editorial team is responsible for the following key tasks:
Content Selection: They carefully select and curate the content that appears in each issue of each Journal, ensuring that it aligns with our mission and meets our quality standards.
Peer Review: For research articles and academic content, our editors oversee a rigorous peer-review process, working with experts in the field to maintain the highest academic standards.
Editing and Proofreading: Our editors meticulously edit and proofread every piece of content to ensure clarity, accuracy, and consistency.
Style and Formatting: They also ensure that content adheres to our journal's style and formatting guidelines.
Content Development: Our editorial team actively collaborates with contributors to develop ideas, refine content, and bring out the best in each piece.
Join Our Editorial Team
We are always open to collaboration and new ideas. If you are passionate about joining us and have a strong background in editing and content curation, we invite you to reach out to us @ info@emergingresults.com. We periodically welcome new members to our editorial team who share our commitment to quality and innovation.
Contact Us
If you have any questions, suggestions, or inquiries related to our editorial process, please feel free to contact our editorial team via our email.
We are proud of the dedication and expertise our editorial team brings to our Journals. They are an essential part of our mission to deliver the highest quality content to our readers and contribute to the advancement of academia and research.
Instruction for Reviewers
As a reviewer for ERP Journals, you will be responsible for the following:
Review Manuscripts: You will receive manuscripts, articles, or submissions relevant to your expertise for evaluation. Your task is to provide a thorough and constructive review, assessing the quality, originality, and contribution of the work.
Maintain Confidentiality: Reviewers must maintain strict confidentiality. Any information about the manuscript you review must not be shared with anyone outside the editorial team.
Timely Responses: We value your time and commitment. Reviewers are expected to complete their reviews within the specified timeline to ensure the publication process runs smoothly.
Objective Feedback: Reviewers should provide objective and unbiased feedback. Your evaluation should focus on the content, methodology, and relevance of the submission.
Expertise and Field
To ensure the highest quality of peer review, we match reviewers with manuscripts that align with their areas of expertise and research interests. Please provide information about your background, qualifications, and the specific topics or areas within your field that you are comfortable reviewing.
Peer Review Process
Our peer review process typically follows these steps:
Submission: Authors submit their work to our Journals via the submission portal.
Editorial Evaluation: The editorial team assesses the submission for relevance and suitability for peer review.
Reviewer Assignment: If the submission is suitable, it is assigned to reviewers with expertise in the field.
Review and Feedback: Reviewers evaluate the manuscript and provide feedback, which may include recommendations for acceptance, revision, or rejection.
Decision: Based on reviewer feedback, the editorial team makes a decision regarding the submission.
Recognition and Acknowledgment
Reviewers at ERP play a crucial role in shaping the content we publish. Your contributions are greatly appreciated, and we acknowledge the valuable service you provide. We may provide acknowledgment in the form of certificates, recognition on our website, or other means.
Join Our Reviewer Community
If you are interested in becoming a reviewer for ERP, please complete the reviewer registration form on our website or get in touch with our editorial team at info@emergingresults.com. We look forward to collaborating with you and maintaining the high standards of excellence in our journal.
Thank you for considering the role of a reviewer for ERP.
Open Access Policy
1. Introduction
Here, we are committed to advancing the dissemination of knowledge and fostering a global community of researchers, readers, and enthusiasts in the field of Computational Mathematics. To achieve this goal, we embrace the principles of Open Access, making our content freely and openly accessible to all.
2. Definition of Open Access
Open Access (OA) refers to the unrestricted and free availability of scholarly and creative works to the public. OA content can be read, downloaded, shared, and reused without any financial, legal, or technical barriers.
3. Licensing
All content published in ERCM is made available under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows others to distribute, adapt, and build upon our work, even for commercial purposes, as long as proper attribution is given to the original author(s).
4. Accessibility and Archiving
We are committed to ensuring that our content is accessible through various means, including our website, indexing services, and institutional repositories. We also participate in archiving initiatives to preserve our content for future generations.
5. Author Retention of Rights
Authors publishing with us retain the copyright of their work and grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish it. This allows authors to share their work as they see fit, while also allowing ERCM to make it openly accessible.
6. Funding and Sustainability
To maintain our Open Access policy, we rely on a combination of funding sources, including article processing charges (APCs), grants, donations, and institutional support. We are committed to transparency in our financial operations and aim to keep APCs reasonable and affordable.
7. Ethical Considerations
We uphold the highest ethical standards in our publishing practices. This includes rigorous peer review, adherence to academic integrity, and the prevention of plagiarism or fraudulent activities. Our commitment to ethics ensures the quality and integrity of the content we provide.
8. Data Sharing and Transparency
We encourage authors to share their research data, where applicable, to promote transparency and reproducibility. Data sharing policies and requirements are detailed in our submission guidelines.
9. Dissemination and Impact
Our Open Access content reaches a broad and diverse readership, making a positive impact in the field of Computational Mathematics. We are dedicated to measuring and reporting on the impact of our publications and seek to promote a culture of responsible and ethical research.
10. Feedback and Suggestions
We welcome feedback, suggestions, and collaboration from our community to continually improve our Open Access policy and practices. Please feel free to reach out to us with your thoughts and ideas.
By adopting this Open Access policy, ERCM aims to facilitate the exchange of knowledge, support the advancement of research, and contribute to the greater good of society. We are proud to play a role in building a more open, collaborative, and informed world.
Editorial Process
At ERCM, we take pride in maintaining a rigorous editorial process to ensure the highest quality of content that aligns with our mission and standards. Our editorial process is designed to uphold integrity, accuracy, and originality in all the content we publish.
1. Submission
- The editorial process begins when authors, contributors, or artists submit their work to ERCM. We welcome a wide range of submissions, including articles, essays, research papers, artwork, and more, provided they align with our journal's focus and guidelines.
2. Initial Review
- Upon receiving submissions, our editorial team conducts an initial review to ensure they meet our submission guidelines. This includes checking for proper formatting, content relevance, and basic quality standards.
3. Peer Review
- For scholarly articles and research papers, we may utilize a peer-review process. In this stage, the submission is sent to experts in the field for a thorough evaluation. Peer reviewers provide constructive feedback, assess the work's academic rigor, and determine its suitability for publication.
4. Editing and Proofreading
- Accepted submissions go through a meticulous editing and proofreading process. Our editorial team reviews the content for clarity, consistency, grammar, and style. Authors are typically involved in this process to ensure the integrity of their work is maintained.
5. Fact-Checking
- We prioritize factual accuracy in our content. Our fact-checking team verifies the accuracy of data, statistics, and references cited in the submissions. This step is crucial to maintain our journal's credibility.
6. Design and Layout
- Our design and layout team takes over to ensure that the content is presented in an appealing and reader-friendly manner. This involves creating visually engaging layouts for both print and digital formats.
7. Reviewer Feedback Integration (if applicable)
For submissions that undergo peer review, the author may be asked to address reviewer feedback and make necessary revisions.
8. Final Review
After all revisions are completed, the editorial team conducts a final review to confirm that the content meets the journal's quality standards. This step ensures that the content is ready for publication.
9. Publication
Once a submission successfully passes through all the aforementioned stages, it is scheduled for publication in an upcoming issue of ERCM. The publication process may involve both print and digital formats, depending on your journal's distribution strategy.
10. Post-Publication Engagement
We encourage ongoing engagement with our readers and authors. After publication, we actively promote the content through various channels, engage with our readers' feedback, and create opportunities for discussions and further contributions related to the published work.
Our editorial process is rooted in a commitment to maintaining the highest standards of quality, accuracy, and authenticity in the content we publish. It is a collaborative effort that involves authors, reviewers, editors, and designers to ensure that our readers receive valuable and thought-provoking content in every issue of ERCM.
Publication Ethics
Included in our Editorial Process
Article Processing Charge
We believe in the open exchange of knowledge and the democratization of information. As part of our commitment to accessibility and transparency, we've introduced a simple and affordable Article Processing Charge (APC) of $100. This covers:
a. What is an APC?
An Article Processing Charge is a fee associated with the publication of scholarly articles in open-access journals. It helps cover the costs of editorial services, peer review, publication, and maintenance of the platform, ensuring that quality research is accessible to a global audience.
Our $100 APC Explained: We believe in making academic publishing accessible without compromising on quality. Our $100 APC covers the following:
Editorial Services:
- Rigorous peer review process conducted by experts in the field.
- Professional editorial support to enhance the clarity and impact of your research.
Publication Costs:
- Typesetting and formatting to meet industry standards.
- Online hosting and maintenance of your article for long-term accessibility.
Global Visibility:
- Indexing in reputable databases and search engines to enhance the visibility of your work.
- Promotion through our established networks and social media channels.
Author Support:
- Dedicated support throughout the publication process.
- Prompt responses to queries and assistance with any concerns.
Open Access:
- Immediate and unrestricted access to your published work for readers worldwide.
- Alignment with the principles of open science and knowledge dissemination.
Why Choose ERP?
- Affordability: Our $100 APC is designed to be one of the most competitive rates in the industry.
- Quality: We maintain high editorial standards to ensure the credibility and impact of your research.
- Community: Join a global community of researchers contributing to the advancement of knowledge.
